Life Cycle: Perennial
Sun Exposure: Full, Partial (Prefers full sun for the best blooms)
Soil Moisture: Wet, Medium-wet, Medium-dry
Height: 3 feet
Plant Spacing: 18-24 inches
Bloom Time: June-Oct
Bloom Color: Yellow
Advantages: Caterpillar Favorite, Pollinator Favorite, Deer Resistant
Host Plant: 18 species of butterflies and moths use this as a caterpillar host plant in our area (nwf.org)
Specialist Bee: Andrena melanochroa, A. ziziaeformis, and Panurginus potentillae (Johnson and Colla, 2023)
Resource: Johnson, Lorraine, and Sheila Colla. A Northern Gardener’s Guide to Native Plants and Pollinators: Creating Habitat in the Northeast, Great Lakes, and Upper Midwest. Island Press, 2023