Life Cycle: Perennial
Sun Exposure: Full-Partial shade
Soil Moisture: Medium-Dry
Height: 2 feet
Plant Spacing: 18-24 inches
Bloom Time: July-September
Bloom Color: Purple
Advantages: Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Deer Resistant, Great landscaping plant
Host Plant: Southern Dogface Butterfly
Species of Concern: State Status: Presumed extirpated (legally 'threatened' if rediscovered). State Rank: Presumed extirpated (mnfi.anr.msu.edu).
Specialist Bees: Cellophane Bees, Colletes aberrans, C. albescens, C. robertsonii, C. sussanae, C. wilmattae, and Perdita perpallida (Holm, 2017)
Beneficial Insects: Syrphid Flies
Complementary Plants: Butterfly weed, Whorled milkweed, Mountain mint, Nodding wild onion, Wild petunia, Bee balm, False sunflower, Culver’s root, Little bluestem, Prairie dropseed
Resource: Holm, Heather. Bees: An Identification and Native Plant Forage Guide. Pollination Press, 2017