Life Cycle: Perennial
Sun Exposure: Full-Partial-Shade
Soil Moisture: Medium/wet-Medium/dry
Height: 3-7 feet
Plant Spacing: 2-4 feet
Bloom Time: July-October
Bloom Color: Yellow
Advantages: Caterpillar Favorite, Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Deer Resistant, Recommended but vigorous
Host Plant: Silvery Checkerspot and 19 other species of butterflies and moths use this as a caterpillar host plant in our area (nwf.org)
Specialist Bee: Andrena rudbeckiae, Perdita albipennis, Pseudopanurgus albitarsis, P. andrenoides, P. compositarum, P. labrosiformis, P. labrosus, P. rugosus, P. solidaginis, Melissodes denticulatus, M. agilis, M. bidentis, M. boltoniae, M. coloradensis, M. confuses, M. druriellus, M. illatus, M. microstictus, M. subillatus, M. trinodis, M. vernoniae, M. wheeleri, Svastra obliqua, S. petulca, Paranthidium jugatorium, Megachile pugnata, M. inimica, M. parallela, M. xylocopoides, Colletes americanus, and C. compactus (Holm, 2017) (Johnson and Colla, 2023)
Beneficial for Endangered or Threatened Species: Possibly Gorgone checkerspot (Chlosyne gorgone) (mnfi.anr.msu.edu/)
Resource: Holm, Heather. Bees: An Identification and Native Plant Forage Guide. Pollination Press LLC, 2017
Resource: Johnson, Lorraine, and Sheila Colla. A Northern Gardener’s Guide to Native Plants and Pollinators: Creating Habitat in the Northeast, Great Lakes, and Upper Midwest. Island Press, 2023