Life Cycle: Perennial
Sun Exposure: Full-Shade
Soil Moisture: Medium/wet – Medium
Height: 1-4 feet
Plant Spacing: 2-3 feet
Bloom Time: June-August
Bloom Color: Yellow
Advantages: Pollinator Favorite, Recommended but vigorous
Host Plant: Gorgone checkerspot and 4 other species of butterflies and moths use this as a caterpillar host plant in our area (nwf.org)
Specialist Bee: Macropis nuda, M. ciliata, M, patellata, and M. steironematis (Johnson and Colla, 2023)
Beneficial for Endangered or Threatened Species: Gorgone checkerspot (Chlosyne gorgone) (mnfi.anr.msu.edu)
Complementary Plants: Cardinal Flower, Blue Lobelia, Indian Hemp, Sneezeweed
Resource: Johnson, Lorraine, and Sheila Colla. A Northern Gardener’s Guide to Native Plants and Pollinators: Creating Habitat in the Northeast, Great Lakes, and Upper Midwest. Island Press, 2023)