Life Cycle: Perennial
Sun Exposure: Full-Partial (but seems to prefer full sun)
Soil Moisture: Medium/dry-Dry
Height: 1 foot
Plant Spacing: 0.5-1 foot
Bloom Time: July-October
Bloom Color: Purple
Advantages: Pollinator Favorite, Great Landscape Plant
Host: 6 species of butterflies and moths use this as a caterpillar host plant in our area (nwf.org)
Specialist Bee: Melissodes coloradensis and Melissodes vernoniae (Johnson and Colla, 2023)
Complementary Plants: Blue vervain, Butterfly weed, Gray-headed coneflower, Culver’s root, Rattlesnake master, Mountain mint, Coneflowers, Monarda, Milkweeds
Resource: Johnson, Lorraine, and Sheila Colla. A Northern Gardener’s Guide to Native Plants and Pollinators: Creating Habitat in the Northeast, Great Lakes, and Upper Midwest. Island Press, 2023