Life Cycle: Perennial
Sun Exposure: Partial shade, shade
Soil Moisture: Medium-wet, Medium, Dry
Height: 12 inches
Plant Spacing: 2-3 feet
Bloom Time: August - October
Bloom Color: White
Advantages: Pollinator Favorite, Recommended, but can be very vigorous
Host Plant: Silvery Checkerspot, the Pearl Crescent, and Goldenrod Hooded Owlet (illinoiswildflower.info)
Specialist Bee: Andrena hirticincta, A. asteris, A. canadensis, A. placata, A. nubecula, A. simplex, Pseudopanurgus andrenoides, Pseudopanurgus compositarum, Melissodes druriellus, and Lasioglossum lustrans (Holm, 2017) (Johnson and Colla, 2023)
Beneficial Insects: Syrphid Flies
Complementary Plants: American Spikenard, Zigzag Goldenrod, Native Ferns, White Snakeroot
Resources: Holm, Heather. Bees: An Identification and Native Plant Forage Guide. Pollination Press, 2017
Resource: Johnson, Lorraine, and Sheila Colla. A Northern Gardener’s Guide to Native Plants and Pollinators: Creating Habitat in the Northeast, Great Lakes, and Upper Midwest. Island Press, 2023