Life Cycle: Perennial
Sun Exposure: Full-Partial
Soil Moisture: Medium/wet-Dry
Height: 3-4 feet
Plant Spacing: 1.5-2 feet
Bloom Time: July-September
Bloom Color: Purple
Advantages: Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Deer Resistant, Rain Garden, Great landscaping plant
Host Plant: 1 species of butterflies and moths use this as a caterpillar host plant in our area (nwf.org)
Specialist Bee: Andrena helianthiformis, Pseudopanurgus albitarsis, Melissodes coreopsis, Melissodes wheeleri, Megachile parallela, and Ashmeadiella bucconis (Johnson and Colla, 2023)
Complementary Plants: Mountain mint, Little bluestem, Beardtongues, Bee balm, Butterfly weed, Ohio wspiderwort, Black-eyed Susan, Compass plant, Blazing stars
Resource: Johnson, Lorraine, and Sheila Colla. A Northern Gardener’s Guide to Native Plants and Pollinators: Creating Habitat in the Northeast, Great Lakes, and Upper Midwest. Island Press, 2023